Access
(440, 220, or 110 V)
Low Voltage
Smart Meter
(Can be off-site outside user
Control;
Is partly a modem)
Secondary
Distribution
Voltage
House
House
Users
Distribution
(~11 kV)
Medium Voltage
Coupler
Coupler
~ 20 km
Last Few Hundred Meters
Substation
Data Center
Distribution Transformer
(pole or ground)
Coupler
Sub-Transmission and Transmission
(> 11 kV)
LV Concentrator
Generic Network Schematic
Uplink
Some countries are already implementing such systems
The actual system can vary, including hybrid designs and the use of wireless or dial-up modems